| 1. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → Homo habilis |
| 2. | Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens |
| 3. | Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens |
| 4. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens. |
| 1. | low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen |
| 2. | low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere |
| 3. | high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere |
| 4. | high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc. |
| Assertion (A): | Those who are better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. |
| Reason(R): | The fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is False |
| 1. | Ancestral giraffes with longer necks got more food and left more surviving offspring. |
| 2. | Ancestral giraffes stretched their necks to get food. |
| 3. | It was a divine creation. |
| 4. | The giraffe is the mammal where the number of cervical vertebrae is much more than the number of cervical vertebrae in other mammals. |
| 1. | adaptive radiation |
| 2. | transduction |
| 3. | pre-existing variation in the population |
| 4. | mutations induced by antibiotics |
| Assertion (A): | Classification of organisms into related groups should not solely be based on the morphological features. |
| Reason (R): | Convergent evolution results in unrelated organisms resembling each other. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is True |