| 1. | acetyl-CoA | 2. | CO2 |
| 3. | O2 | 4. | heat |
| I: | Complex I is NADH dehydrogenase |
| II: | Complex II is succinate dehydrogenase |
| III: | Complex III is cytochrome b6f complex. |
| Assertion (A): | The processes of lactic acid and alcohol fermentation are less efficient in harnessing the energy stored in glucose compared to aerobic respiration. |
| Reason (R): | In these fermentation pathways, the incomplete breakdown of glucose occurs under anaerobic conditions, where oxygen is not available. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
Which of the following takes place in the step where succinyl coenzyme A is converted to succinic acid in the TCA cycle?
1. One molecule of ATP is directly synthesized.
2. NAD+ is reduced.
3. FAD is reduced.
4. One molecule of GTP is synthesized.
| I: | The continued replenishment of oxaloacetic acid. |
| II: | The regeneration of NAD+ and FAD. |