| 1. | Possessing gametophytes with vascular tissues |
| 2. | Appearing only in submerged aquatic habitats |
| 3. | Producing zygotes which disperse actively |
| 4. | Having a dominant sporophyte independent of gametophyte |
| 1. | Presence of seeds |
| 2. | Presence of archegonia |
| 3. | Presence of xylem and phloem |
| 4. | Dominant gametophyte |