Given below are pie diagrams A, B and C related to proportionate number of species of major taxa of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants respectively. Critically study and fill in the blanks I, II, III and IV:

(1) I - Molluscs, II - Amphibians, III - Fungi, IV - Angiosperms

(2) I - Molluscs, II - Amphibians, III - Angiosperms, IV - Fungi

(3) I - Hexapoda, II - Amphibians, III - Fungi, IV - Angiosperms

(4) I - Turtles, II - Amphibians, III - Fungi, IV - Angiosperms

Conservation hotspots are best described as:

(1) Areas with large numbers of endemic species that are disappearing rapidly

(2) Areas where people are particularly active supporters of biological diversity

(3) Islands that are experiencing high rates of extinction

(4) Areas where native species are being replaced with introduced species

One of the following statements is incorrect with reference to biodiversity. Identify it:

1. The richest reservoirs of animal and plant life (high species richness) with few or no threatened species are called 'biodiversity hotspots’

2. Biodiversity increases from higher altitudes to lower altitudes

3. Biodiversity decreases from the equator to polar regions

4. Depletion in genetic diversity of crop plants is mainly due to the introduction of better varieties with high yield, disease resistance, etc.

In situ strategies include-

1. Biosphere reserve       B.  National park
2. Wildlife sanctuaries     D.  Sacred forests / lakes

(1) A, B                

(2) A, B, C            

(3) B, C, D            

(4) A, B, C, D

Ex situ strategies include:

1. Botanical garden                       B. Zoos
2. Seed / Pollen banks                   D. Gene bank and tissue culture

(1) A, B                

(2) A, B, C            

(3) B, C, D            

(4) A, B, C, D

According to the concept of species area relations:

(1) The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area

(2) Larger species require larger habitat areas than do smaller species

(3) Most species within any given area are endemic

(4) The larger the area, the greater the extinction rate

The exotic species, who introduced in India are:

(1) Lantana                                        (2) Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia)

(3) Parthenium                                   (4) All are correct

Which one the following is false about Habitat loss and fragmentation?
(1) This is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction
(2) The most dramatic examples of habitat loss come from temperate rainforests
(3) Once covering more than 14% of the earth
(4) The Amazon rainforest harbouring probably millions of species is being cut and cleared for cultivating soya beans or for conversion to grassland for raising beef cattle

Global species diversity and land area covered by India with respect to world is:

(1) 12%, 7%        

(2) 2.4%, 9%       

(3) 8.1%, 2.4%    

(4) 4%, 3%

The great German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area, but only up to a limit. In fact, relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes) turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola. Now find out correct equations shown in the graph:

(a) I - S = CA^Z; II - Log S = log C + Z log A

(b) I - Log S = log C + Z log A; II - S = CA^Z

(c) I - S = CA^Z + log C; II - Log S = log C + Z log A

(d) I - S = CA^Z + log A; II - Log S = log C + Z log A