The first type II restriction endonuclease whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was:
| 1. | EcoRI | 2. | HindII | 
| 3. | SmaI | 4. | BamHI | 
Gene cloning occurs:
| 1. | when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. | 
| 2. | when a bacterium takes up DNA from the surrounding fluid. | 
| 3. | when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid. | 
| 4. | when DNA is produced from an RNA template. | 
Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecule?
| 1. | Restriction endonuclease | 2. | DNA ligase | 
| 3. | DNA fragments | 4. | E.coli | 
‘Downstream processing’ does not include:
| 1. | Product biosynthesis | 2. | Product isolation | 
| 3. | Product purification | 4. | Product polishing | 
The chronological steps of a polymerase chain reaction are:
| 1. | Denaturation, Annealing of primers, Primer extension | 
| 2. | Annealing of primers, Denaturation, Primer extension | 
| 3. | Annealing of primers, Primer extension, Denaturation | 
| 4. | Denaturation, Primer extension, Annealing of primers | 
The advantage of using DNA polymerases from thermophilic organisms in PCR is that:
| 1. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria are much faster than those from other organisms | 
| 2. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria can withstand the high temperatures needed to denature the DNA strands | 
| 3. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria never make mistakes while replicating DNA | 
| 4. | all of the above | 
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Lysozyme | P. | Fungal cell | 
| B. | Cellulase | Q. | Plant cell | 
| C. | Chitinase | R. | Bacterial cell | 
| A | B | C | |
| 1. | P | Q | R | 
| 2. | P | R | Q | 
| 3. | R | P | Q | 
| 4. | R | Q | P | 
| I: | The used medium is drained out from one side while the fresh medium is added from the other. | 
| II: | The cells are maintained in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. | 
| III: | A larger biomass is produced leading to higher yields of desired proteins. | 
| 1. | Only I and II are correct | 
| 2. | Only I and III are correct | 
| 3. | Only II and III are correct | 
| 4. | I, II and III are correct | 
| 1. | DNA is the genetic material of all organisms without exception. | 
| 2. | As it is an RNA world, the genetic material is ds RNA in majority of the organisms. | 
| 3. | Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules. | 
| 4. | Proteins such as histones can be removed from the cell lysate with the help of ribonuclease. | 
| 1. | a complementary DNA sequence synthesised on the template of hnRNA | 
| 2. | artificially synthesised or sequences used to induce replication of DNA | 
| 3. | a single-stranded sequence of DNA or RNA used to search for its complementary sequence in a sample genome | 
| 4. | small chemically synthesised oligonucletides that are complementary to the regions of DNA |