The diagram shows the signet ring stage of the malarial parasite in the human RBC. What stage of the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax does it conform to?
1. | Sporozoite | 2. | Early trophozoite |
3. | Late trophozoite | 4. | Merozoite |
The 2009 ‘swine flu’ outbreak was due to an Influenza virus strain designated as:
1. | H1N1 | 2. | H5N1 |
3. | H2N2 | 4. | H7N9 |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of HIV?
1. | It mutates rapidly developing new strains. |
2. | It is a retrovirus with two short strands of ss RNA. |
3. | It cannot pass through blood-brain barrier. |
4. | It has the unique ability to destroy helper T cells. |
Exposure of the DNA to non-ionizing radiation, the UV rays, leads to the formation of:
1. | unusual base analogues in the template |
2. | A-G, T-C substitutions |
3. | deletions of short arms of chromosomes |
4. | thymine dimmers |
Interleukin -2 and alpha interferon are showing promise in the treatment of cancers. They are:
1. | Immunostimulants | 2. | Phagocytes |
3. | Chemotherapeutic agents | 4. | Radiotherapeutic agents |
Artemisinin is a drug that is now a worldwide standard treatment of:
1. | Rheumatoid arthritis | 2. | Lung cancer |
3. | Malaria | 4. | Plague |
Complement triggers all the following immune functions except:
1. | Phagocytosis | 2. | Inflammation |
3. | Membrane attack | 4. | Anamnestic response |
Antigen presentation is a process by which the innate immune system:
1. | Recruits immune cells to sites of infection |
2. | Activates the complement cascade |
3. | Activates the adaptive immune system |
4. | Acts as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents |
Pneumocystis jiroveci is a fungus that causes:
1. | Athlete’s foot in sportspersons |
2. | Pneumoconiosis in farmers |
3. | Liver infections in chronic alcoholics |
4. | Pneumonia in immune-compromised persons |
Consider the given two statements:
I: | The malarial parasite is relatively protected from attack by the body's immune system. |
II: | The parasite is enveloped in a protective protein and lipopolysaccharide layer. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.