Q. No.Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
1.
Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats.
2.
Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual in the population selects.
3.
Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population.
4.
Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation.
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Which one of the following populations would most quickly lead to two groups with few shared traits?
| 1. | a population with disruptive selection |
| 2. | a population with directional selection |
| 3. | a population with stabilizing selection |
| 4. | a population with no selection |
The bones of forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs, and men are similar in structure, because:
| 1. | one organism has given rise to another |
| 2. | they share a common ancestor |
| 3. | they perform the same function |
| 4. | they have biochemical similarities |
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The appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of:
1. adaptive radiation
2. transduction
3. pre-existing variation in the population
4. divergent evolution
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The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is:
| 1. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → Homo habilis |
| 2. | Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens |
| 3. | Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens |
| 4. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens. |
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Variations during mutations of meiotic recombinations are:
1. random and directionless
2. random and directional
3. small and directional
4. random, small and directional
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The concept of genetic bottlenecks includes which of the following?
| 1. | a loss of genetic diversity in descendent populations |
| 2. | extensive gene flow |
| 3. | sharing of genetic material between two populations |
| 4. | increased ability to resist new diseases |
Stabilizing selection acts to _________ in a species' population.
1. elaborate new traits
2. alter traits
3. push for directional change
4. maintain a certain phenotype
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Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?
| 1. | Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection |
| 2. | Variations, constancy of population size, overproduction, natural selection |
| 3. | Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selections |
| 4. | Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size |
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