If a bacterial cell were to contain 4 nucleoids per cell, the number of copies of the bacterial chromosome present in each cell will most likely be:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

The lagging strand and the leading strand during DNA replication are replicated differently because:

1. On the leading strand, DNA synthesis occurs 5' to 3' on the leading strand, while on the lagging strand it is 3' to 5'.

2. DNA polymerase is able to continuously add new nucleotides on the leading strand while it must keep 'starting over' on the lagging strand.

3. The lagging strand requires only a single primer while the leading strand requires many.

4. Helicase opens the leading strand at a faster rate than the lagging strand.

A cis acting factor that place very important role in eukaryotic transcription will be:
1. RNA polymerase II.
2. Transcription factors.
3. Enhancers.
4. Shine Dalgarno sequence

All the following statements regarding a nucleosome are incorrect except:
1. It contains a single large protein which is connected to DNA by smaller linker proteins.
2. It contains approximately 200 base pairs of DNA.
3. It includes histone and nonhistone proteins.
4. It is a 30 nm diameter structure.

The first formed primary structure of a protein molecule represents:
1. Folding of protein due to hydrophobic interactions.
2. Local folding which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
3. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide.
4. Interactions between two or more polypeptides.

Select the correct ascending order of the levels of packaging of DNA?
1. Nucleosomes, 30 nm fibers, radial loop domains.
2. 30 nm fibers, nucleosomes, radial loop domains.
3. Nucleosomes, radial loop domains, 30 nm fibers.
4. Radial loop domains, nucleosomes, 30 nm fibers.

The enzyme aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase is able to recognize all the following in the tRNA molecule except:
1. The acceptor stem.
2. Bases in the stem loop regions.
3. The anticodon region.
4. 5’ end.

The 5’ cap in the final transcript in eukaryotic mRNA helps in:
1. Protection from inappropriate splicing.
2. Synthesis of the polyA tail.
3. Transport of mRNAs into the nucleus.
4. Recognition of the 5' end of the transcript by a ribosome.

RNA molecules can have catalytic functions as well. A well known example would be:
1. Polynucleotide kinase.
2. Base pair recognition.
3. Methyl transferase.
4. Peptidyl transferase.

Two amino acids will differ from each other in their properties because they have different:
1. The amino group.
2. The carboxyl group.
3. The R group.
4. Peptide bonds.