All the following regarding maternal effect genes are true except
1. It is located in the nuclear DNA.
2. Maternal genotype affects offspring phenotype.
3. It may control deposition of material into oocytes.
4. It must be located on the X chromosome.

Gene ‘dosage’ effect can explain all the following except:

1. Males with one normal allele for the X linked gene dystrophin are unaffected, while females (who shut off one of their two X chromosomes) with one normal allele for dystrophin may be mildly affected with muscular dystrophy.

2. Flower color in four-o-clocks seems to be incompletely dominant.

3. In fruit flies, homozygotes for an allele that produces a small amount of functional protein are severely abnormal but survive to adulthood, while homozygotes for an allele that produces no protein at all die as embryos.

4. In bees, males normally are haploid while females normally are diploid.

Inactivation of X-chromosome as a part of dosage compensation will be characterized by all the following except
1. The process is entirely random.
2. X inactivation may occasionally occur in males.
3. This process ensures a homogenous phenotype in heterozygotes.
4. X inactivation occurs early in embryonic development.