During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities are :
1. Orderly and sequential
2. Random
3. Very quick
4. Not influenced by the physical environment
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Climax community is in a state of :
1. Non-equilibrium
2. Equilibrium
3. Disorder
4. Constant change
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The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called:
1. Taxa
2. Seres
3. Pioneers
4. Climax
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In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
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Primary succession takes a very long time when compared to secondary succession, primarily, because:
1. immigration of pioneer species takes time
2. soil formation is a very slow process
3. there is a low availability of ecological niches
4. environmental conditions are highly variable
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Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
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In primary ecological succession in water, the pioneers are:
1. Mosses
2. Lichens
3. Phytoplankton
4. Free floating hydrophytes
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The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
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