During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities are :
1. Orderly and sequential
2. Random
3. Very quick
4. Not influenced by the physical environment
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Climax community is in a state of :
1. Non-equilibrium
2. Equilibrium
3. Disorder
4. Constant change
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Ecological succession is:
1. gradual and predictable
2. gradual and unpredictable
3. sudden and predictable
4. sudden and unpredictable
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The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called:
1. Taxa
2. Seres
3. Pioneers
4. Climax
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Ecological succession has paralleled:
1. Glaciations
2. Mass extinctions
3. Genetic drifts
4. Evolution
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In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
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Primary succession takes a very long time when compared to secondary succession, primarily, because:
1. immigration of pioneer species takes time
2. soil formation is a very slow process
3. there is a low availability of ecological niches
4. environmental conditions are highly variable
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Identify the correct statements regarding ecological succession:
I: | Usually, secondary succession is faster than primary succession. |
II: | Ecological succession involves a change over time in vegetation only. |
III: | Natural or human disturbance can convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage. |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
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Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
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Assertion (A): | Lichens are commonly the pioneer species during primary succession on rocks. |
Reason (R): | Lichens are able to secrete acids to dissolve rocks. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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