The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:

1.  Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest
2.  Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest
3.  Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest
4.  Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest

Subtopic:  Ecological Succession (OLD NCERT) |
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The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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The reservoir is located in the Earth’s crust for:
I. Gaseous type of nutrient cycle
II. Sedimentary nutrient cycle
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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The function of a reservoir of nutrient cycle is to:
1. synthesize minerals
2. transfer minerals to other ecosystems
3. meet any deficit
4. destroy the unwanted minerals

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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The maximum percent of total global carbon is found:
1. in fossil fuels
2. in atmosphere
3. dissolved in oceans
4. in biomass of microbes

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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Regarding phosphorus cycle:

I:  There is no respiratory release of phosphorus into atmosphere
II:  Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall of phosphorus is small

1. Only I is true.
2. Only II is true.
3. Both I and II are true.
4. Both I and II are false.

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair:

Ecosystem service

Cost out of total [%]

1.

Soil formation

50

2.

Nutrient cycling

10

3.

Climate regulation

6

4.

Habitat for wildlife

3

Subtopic:  Mineral Cycling & Ecosystem Services (OLD NCERT) |
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. Carnivores -- secondary or tertiary consumer
2. Decomposers -- microbial heterotrophs
3. Herbivores -- primary consumer
4. Omnivores -- molds, yeasts and mushrooms

Subtopic:  Energy Flow |
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Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of :
i. (kcal m-3) yr-1
ii. g m-2 yr-1
iii. g m-1 yr-1
iv. (kcal m-2) yr-1

1.ii2.iii
3.ii and iv4.i and iii

Subtopic:  Ecosystem Productivity |
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Pyramid of numbers is :
1. Always upright
2. Always inverted
3. Either upright or inverted
4. Neither upright nor inverted

Subtopic:  Ecological Pyramids |
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