Assertion: Catabolism in living organisms is linked to work by a chemical drive shaft – the ATP.
Reason: Exergonic catabolic pathways release energy that can directly be used for physiological functions.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: In general, organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent energy fuels for living organisms.
Reason: Bonds in such organic molecules are source of high energy electrons.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: NAD⁺ is the most versatile electron acceptor in cellular respiration and functions in several of redox steps during the breakdown of glucose.
Reason: As an electron acceptor, NAD⁺ functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The reaction in glycolysis, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase, is a key regulatory point and also a rate limiting step.
Reason: The reaction is essentially irreversible.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Arsenate is the uncoupler of glycolysis.
Reason: Arsenate is an inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The carbons lost as ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ in the Krebs cycle come directly from acetyl CoA.
Reason: These carbons are lost always and cannot be put to any use.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia.
Reason: Cyanide binds to iron of cytochrome c oxidase and thus prevents binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Homolactic fermentation (producing only lactic acid) is the simplest type of fermentation.
Reason: It is one of the only respiration processes to not produce a gas as a byproduct.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: When a glucose fed yeast is transferred from aerobic to anaerobic medium its rate of glucose consumption decreases.
Reason: It starts metabolizing lactose and stops using glucose in anaerobic conditions.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Based on the information given in Section 14.3 of your NCERT textbook, can you identify the chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase?
1.${\mathrm{C}}_{12}{\mathrm{H}}_{22}{\mathrm{O}}_{11}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\to 2{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6$
2.${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{COCOO}}^{-}+{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\to {\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CHO}+{\mathrm{CO}}_2$
3. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CHO}+\mathrm{NADH}+{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\to {\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH}+{\mathrm{NAD}}^{+}$
4. None of these