Coenzyme A, formed in part from one of the B vitamins, functions to:

1.	Oxidize pyruvate	2.	Reduce pyruvate
3.	Activate the acetyl group	4.	Facilitate electron flow

In lactate fermentation, the final electron acceptor is:

The glycolytic pathway occurs in:
1. cytoplasm
2. chloroplasts
3. matrix of the mitochondrion
4. cristae of the mitochondrion

Maximum energy can be released during the oxidation of:

In the ETS in mitochondria, identify the product that is not correctly matched with its number:

Direct use of oxygen is in:

In the glycolytic pathway, ATP formation:
1. does not occur
2. requires presence of oxygen
3. needs a proton gradient across a membrane
4. involves substrate-level phosphorylation

Yeast cells are able to regenerate ${\mathrm{NAD}}^{+}$ regenerated from NADH during the :
1. reduction of acetaldehyde to ethyl alcohol
2. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
3. reduction of pyruvate to form lactate
4. oxidation of NAD⁺ in the citric acid cycle

Fats and proteins can also provide us energy. For this to happen:
1. Fats and proteins must first be converted to glucose
2. Fats and proteins must enter separate catabolic pathways of their own
3. Fats and proteins must be modified to forms that can enter the glucose metabolic pathway
4. Fats must first be converted to proteins that can enter the glucose metabolic pathway

All the following will normally occur during the electron flow in ETS in mitochondria except:
1. NADH and ${\mathrm{FADH}}_2$ are oxidized.
2. the pH of the matrix decreases.
3. the electrons lose free energy.
4. an electrochemical gradient is formed.