Q. No.I. Over small distances, in plants, substances move by diffusion and by cytoplasmic streaming supplemented by active transport.
II. Transport over long distances, in plants, proceeds through the vascular system and is called as transpiration.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only I is incorrect
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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Refer section 11.3.1, NCERT where it is stated that most of the water flow in the roots occurs via the apoplast. Why is this so?
1. Endodermis has suberized casparian strips
2. Root cortex cell lack plasmodesmata
3. Cortical cells are loosely packed
4. Root cortex is poorly organized
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The process of guttation takes place
1. When the root pressure is high and the rate of transpiration is low
2. When the root pressure is low and the rate of transpiration is high
3. When the root pressure equals the rate of transpiration
4. When the root pressure as well as rate of transpiration are high
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Guttation is:
1. deposition of dew drops on the leaves in the morning.
2. shrinking of protoplast away from the cell wall.
3. evidence of root pressure.
4. cavitation in the water column.
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The flow of water through the xylem is regulated by:
1. passive transport of mineral ions by the root endodermis.
2.the number of nuclei in the companion cells in the phloem.
3. the evaporation of water from the leaves.
4. active transport by tracheid and vessel elements.
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The evolution of C4 photosynthetic system is probably one of the strategies for:
| 1. | maximizing the availability of oxygen in spite of continuing high amount of water loss |
| 2. | maximizing availability of water in spite of continuing high amount of carbon dioxide loss |
| 3. | reducing the amount of water loss but leads to decreased availability of carbon dioxide |
| 4. | maximizing the availability of carbon dioxide while minimizing water loss |
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Statement I: The inner wall of each guard cell, towards the pore or stomatal aperture, is thick and elastic.
Statement II: Cellulose microfibrils are oriented longitudinally rather than radially making it easier for the stoma to open.
1. Statement I is correct and statement II is also correct
2. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding cohesion-tension theory that explains the process of water flow upwards through the xylem of the plants:
1. Transpiration in leaves creates tension (differential pressure) in the cell walls of mesophyll cells.
2. Because of this tension, water is being pulled up from the roots into the leaves.
3. The pull is helped by cohesion (the stickiness between water molecules and the hydrophilic cell walls of plants) and adhesion (the pull between individual water molecules, due to hydrogen bonds).
4. This mechanism of water flow works because of water potential (water flows from high to low potential), and the rules of simple diffusion.
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A column of water in the xylem even in a tall tree normally does not sink because of its weight due to:
| 1. | the exceptionally large diameter of vessels. |
| 2. | bubbles too large to be transported even through the pits. |
| 3. | the presence of strong ion concentrations near the top of the tree. |
| 4. | the tensile strength of a column of water. |
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What happens to the tensile strength of fluid column with a decrease in the diameter of a tracheid?
1. It increases.
2. It decreases.
3. It approaches zero.
4. It approaches infinity.
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