A big advantage of the evolution of internal fertilization is:
1. need for large number of gametes to be produced
2. fetuses to be kept warm, moist, nourished, and protected inside the mother
3. synchronous release of gametes by both sexes
4. prevention of dehydration of gametes

In vertebrate eggs with large yolks, cleavage is described as _______ and results in a ________ on top of the yolk.
1. meroblastic/trophoblast
2. holoblastic/blastodisc
3. meroblastic/blastodisc
4. meroblastic/blastomere

Cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta are:
1. trophoblast
2. inner cell mass
3. interstitial cells
4. balstomeres

Till approximately what gestation age is the use of the term ‘embryo’ justified?
1. week
2. two weeks
3. month
4. two months

The cleavage divisions begin in:
1. ovary
2. oviduct
3. uterus
4. cervix

Epithelial linings of the digestive tract is derived from the embryonic:
1. ectoderm
2. mesoderm
3. endoderm
4. allantois

Within the fetus, much of the circulating blood bypasses the lungs and flows through the ______________.
1. ductus venosus
2. umbilical vein
3. umbilical artery
4. ductus arteriosus

Implantation does not:
1. involve a blastocyst
2. occur in the uterine tube
3. establishes pregnancy
4. occurs by seventh-eighth day

The onset of puberty in males and females is due to the release of:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG):
1. stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins
2. directly maintains the endometrium
3. triggers continued production of progesterone by the corpus luteum
4. stimulates development of the mammary glands