Linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane are detected by:

1. utricle

2. semicircular canals

3. organ of Corti

4. saccule

An opioid peptide produced in the brain, especially in the pituitary gland, that blocks the sensation of pain is:

1. substance P

2. beta-endorphin

3. nicotine

4. neuropeptide

Sensors that provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and muscle tension, which is integrated to give information about the position of the limb in space are called as:
1. Golgi tendon organs
2. Meissner’s corpuscles
3. proprioceptors
4. nociceptors

The waves most likely to appear on an EEG due to active, busy or anxious thinking and active concentration would be:
1. alpha wave
2. beta wave
3. theta wave
4. delta wave

In a single-ion system, reversal potential is synonymous with equilibrium potential; their numerical values are identical, and it:

1. Is a function of the concentration of that ion on the extracellular side of the membrane

2. Is a function of the concentration of that ion on the intracellular side of the membrane

3. Is the potential at which there is no movement of that ion across the membrane due to electrochemical forces

4. Is the potential at which there is equal movement of that ion into and out of the cell across the membrane due to electrochemical forces

The period of time during which a second action potential cannot be initiated, no matter how large the applied stimulus is the absolute refractory period. Which statement is true for this period?

1. Potassium channels are open and the membrane is hyperpolarized
2. It immediately follows the relative refractory period
3. It allows an action potential to proceed in two directions along the length of an axon
4. It occurs when the sodium channels are open

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS) and:

1. Functions to control the exchange of substances between blood and the extracellular fluid in the CNS

2. Is comprised of the cells that line the largest blood vessels in the brain

3. Is comprised of the cells that line the ventricles of the brain

4. Prevents diffusion of lipid soluble molecules from the blood to the brain

In the peripheral nervous system, the cells that are capable of forming a regeneration tube through which a severed peripheral axon can regrow are the:

1. Schwann cells
2. astrocytes
3. oligodendrocytes
4. microglia

A local anesthetic is a medication that causes reversible absence of pain sensation. They:
1. block the closure of voltage regulated potassium ion channels
2. stimulate the opening of voltage regulated potassium ion channels
3. block the opening of the voltage regulated sodium ion channels
4. stimulate the opening of voltage regulated sodium ion channels

What would be true for the nociceptors?

1. Nociceptors respond to extreme stimuli

2. All nociceptors are located in the skin

3. Nociceptors are involved in noise perception

4. Nociceptor pathways of conduction cannot be inhibited