Q. No.JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:
1. DCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
2. DCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
3. PCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
4. PCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | Anti diuretic hormone release is increased when blood osmolarity increases such as after eating salty foods or losing water through sweating. |
| Reason (R): | ADH temporarily decreases the number of aquaporins inserted in the membranes of collecting duct cells. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
The main physiological stimulus for vasopressin release is
| 1. Blood volume | 2. Plasma osmolality |
| 3. Blood pressure | 4. Stroke volume |
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:
1. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis
2. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis
3. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis
4. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
| 1. | It is synthesized by the neurons of the hypothalamus and stored and released from the neurohypophysis. |
| 2. | It binds to receptors on the collecting duct cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. |
| 3. | It is released during body dehydration conditions and acts on the collecting duct. |
| 4. | ADH is released when osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense a decrease in the blood osmolality. |
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A hormone formed in the blood that causes vasoconstriction is:
| 1. Renin | 2. Aldosterone |
| 3. Angiotensin | 4. Vasopressin |
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Identify the correct statement regarding human kidney function if ADH is not secreted in the body:
1. Urine will be isoosmotic with plasma.
2. PCT will not be able to reabsorb water and sodium.
3. The collecting ducts have very low permeability to water.
4. The distal tubules secrete water.
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A diuretic:
1. causes water retention
2. increases urine output
3. prevents water excretion in the urine
4. reduces insensible water loss from the body
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The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, when stimulated by angiotensin II, that causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, is:
| 1. renin | 2. aldosterone |
| 3. antidiuretic hormone | 4. cortisol |
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Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
| 1. macula densa | 2. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| 3. juxtaglomerular cells | 4. cortical nephron |
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