Q. No.Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A):
Excreting uric acid in birds and reptiles with shelled eggs conveys a selective advantage.
Reason (R):
Uric acid is more energetically expensive than urea.
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.
(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.
Both (A) and (R) are false.
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| Assertion (A): | The filtration step common to other excretory systems in Malpighian tubules is absent. |
| Reason (R): | Malpighian tubules in insects serve in excretion and osmoregulation. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion (A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons are key adaptation for water conservation in mammals. |
| Reason (R): | Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute about 85% of all nephrons in the mammalian kidney. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | Anti diuretic hormone release is increased when blood osmolarity increases such as after eating salty foods or losing water through sweating. |
| Reason (R): | ADH temporarily decreases the number of aquaporins inserted in the membranes of collecting duct cells. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
| 1. macula densa | 2. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| 3. juxtaglomerular cells | 4. cortical nephron |
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What adaptation would be seen in the kidneys of a mammal living in desert when compared to the kidneys in aquatic mammals?
| 1. | A higher percentage of cortical nephrons with short loop of Henle extending slightly into the medulla |
| 2. | A higher percentage of cortical nephrons with long loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla |
| 3. | A higher percentage of juxtamedullary nephrons with long loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla |
| 4. | Presence of only juxtamedullary nephrons with long loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | Many amphibians excrete mainly ammonia when they are aquatic tadpoles and switch largely to urea excretion when they become land dwelling adults. |
| Reason (R): | The main disadvantage of urea is its energy cost and the main advantage is its low toxicity. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Refer the given figure of nephron.
 |
Identify A, B, C, and D and select the correct option regarding them.
|
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The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, when stimulated by angiotensin II, that causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, is:
| 1. renin | 2. aldosterone |
| 3. antidiuretic hormone | 4. cortisol |
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Specialized smooth muscle cells mainly in the walls of the afferent arterioles called the Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:
| 1. ADH | 2. angiotensin |
| 3. aldosterone | 4. renin |
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