Q. No.Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:
Column I
[Organism]
Column II
[Osmoregulatory and excretory structure]
A
Flatworms, rotifers, Amphioxus
P
Protonephridia
B
Earthworm
Q
Nephridia
C
Insects
R
Malpighian tubule
D
Prawn
S
Green gland or antennal gland
Codes:
A
B
C
D
1.
P
Q
R
S
2.
Q
R
S
P
3.
R
S
P
Q
4.
S
P
Q
R
[Organism]
[Osmoregulatory and excretory structure]
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| 1. | 1200, 300 | 2. | 300, 1200 |
| 3. | 300, 600 | 4. | 600, 300 |
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During hemodialysis:
I: Cellophane tube in a dialysing unit acts as artificial kidney.
II: Heparin is added to the blood before it is passed on to the dialysing unit.
III: The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding anti-heparin to it.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only I and II are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:
1. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis
2. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis
3. activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis
4. switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis
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The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
| 1. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 2. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 3. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
| 4. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
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The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by:
1. simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
2. simple ciliated columnar epithelium
3. compound cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
1. GFR – 125 ml/min
2. Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day
3. Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day
4. Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min
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Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
| 1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
| 3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |
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A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. Afferent arteriole | 2. Efferent arteriole |
| 3. Vasa recta | 4. Arcuate artery |
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