Q. No.The location of kidneys in humans can be best described as:
1. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
2. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
3. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
4. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
1. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
2. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
3. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
4. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
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Urination will be caused by simultaneous:
1. contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter
2. relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and contraction of urethral sphincter
3. contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter
4. relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter
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During concentration of urine, NaCl is returned to medullary interstitium by:
1. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of Loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of Vasa Recta
4. Descending limb of Vasa Recta
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During the counter current mechanism, small amount of urea from interstitium enters:
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
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What is the number of times that the human kidneys can maximally concentrate the initial filtrate?
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
| 3. | 6 | 4. | 8 |
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What acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism?
| 1. | ANF | 2. | ADH |
| 3. | Aldosterone | 4. | Erythropoietin |
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Consider the two statements:
| I: | The process of filtration at Malpighian body is regarded as ultrafiltration. |
| II: | Blood is filtered so finely that all constituents of plasma pass into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. |
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I |
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I |
| 3. | I is correct but II is incorrect |
| 4. | I is incorrect but II is correct |
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Extension of renal cortex between the medullary pyramids is called as:
| 1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus | 2. Macula densa |
| 3. Columns of Bertini | 4. Ducts of Bellini |
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Conditional absorption of water takes place mainly in:
| 1. PCT | 2. Loop of Henle |
| 3. DCT | 4. Collecting duct |
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JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:
1. DCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
2. DCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
3. PCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact
4. PCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact
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