Q. No.
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The most toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste product is:
| 1. ammonia | 2. urea |
| 3. uric acid | 4. methane |
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Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in
| 1. reptiles and bird | 2. birds and annelids |
| 3. amphibians and reptiles | 4. insects and amphibians |
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
| 1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
| 3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
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| Column I [Organism] |
Column II [Osmoregulatory and excretory structure] |
||
| A | Flatworms, rotifers, Amphioxus | P | Protonephridia |
| B | Earthworm | Q | Nephridia |
| C | Insects | R | Malpighian tubule |
| D | Prawn | S | Green gland or antennal gland |
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | P | Q | R | S |
| 2. | Q | R | S | P |
| 3. | R | S | P | Q |
| 4. | S | P | Q | R |
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Juxtamedullary nephrons:
1. are more common than cortical nephrons
2. do not have a well developed vasa recta associated with them
3. play a very important role in concentration of urine
4. produce angiotensinogen
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The location of kidneys in humans can be best described as:
1. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
2. between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
3. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity
4. between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity
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Extension of renal cortex between the medullary pyramids is called as:
| 1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus | 2. Macula densa |
| 3. Columns of Bertini | 4. Ducts of Bellini |
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Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
| 1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
| 3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
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A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. Afferent arteriole | 2. Efferent arteriole |
| 3. Vasa recta | 4. Arcuate artery |
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