Q. No.Figure shows a human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions.
1.
B-pelvis - broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
2.
C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons.
3.
D- Cortex- outer part of the kidney and does not contain any part of nephrons.
4.
A- Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of the kidney; secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
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Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in
| 1. reptiles and bird | 2. birds and annelids |
| 3. amphibians and reptiles | 4. insects and amphibians |
As the filtrate passes upward in the ascending limb of loop of Henle:
1. it gets diluted due to the reabsorption of water from medullary interstitium
2. it gets diluted due to the passage of electrolytes to medullary interstitium
3. it gets concentrated due to the reabsorption of electrolytes from medullary interstitium
4. it gets concentrated due to the passage of water to medullary interstitium
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In majority of the nephrons, the loop of Henle:
1. is absent
2. extends only a little into the medulla
3. extends deep into the medulla
4. is associated with a highly developed vasa recta
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Juxtamedullary nephrons:
1. are more common than cortical nephrons
2. do not have a well developed vasa recta associated with them
3. play a very important role in concentration of urine
4. produce angiotensinogen
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The location of kidneys in humans can be best described as:
| 1. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 2. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 3. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 4. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
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Urination will be caused by simultaneous:
| 1. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter |
| 2. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and contraction of urethral sphincter |
| 3. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
| 4. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
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Aldosterone can be secreted by adrenal cortex when it is stimulated most directly by:
| 1. ADH | 2. Renin |
| 3. Angiotensin | 4. ANF |
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During concentration of urine, NaCl is returned to medullary interstitium by:
1. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of Loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of Vasa Recta
4. Descending limb of Vasa Recta
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During the counter current mechanism, small amount of urea from interstitium enters:
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
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