The renal cortex:
1. is in contact with the outer capsule
2. is divided into eight to fifteen conical renal pyramids
3. drains into the minor calyces
4. has long loop of Henle of juxtamedullay nephrons
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The branch of renal artery that directly supplies the glomerulus is the:
1. | efferent arteriole | 2. | interlobular artery |
3. | arcuate artery | 4. | afferent arteriole |
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Glomerular ultrafiltrate normally does not contain:
1. formed elements of the blood | 2. glucose |
3. amino acids | 4. electrolytes |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
1. | It is synthesized by the neurons of the hypothalamus and stored and released from the neurohypophysis. |
2. | It binds to receptors on the collecting duct cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. |
3. | It is released during body dehydration conditions and acts on the collecting duct. |
4. | ADH is released when osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense a decrease in the blood osmolality. |
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The urine concentrating ability of mammals and birds is correlated with the length of their:
1. | ureters | 2. | proximal convoluted tubules |
3. | distal convoluted tubules | 4. | loops of Henle |
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The part of the nephron that is least permeable to water is the:
1. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. descending limb of the loop of Henle
3. collecting duct
4. proximal convoluted tubule
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Bony fishes are:
1. ureotelic | 2. ammonotelic |
3. uricotelic | 4. Either 1 or 3 |
Urea in humans is synthesized in:
1. Kidneys | 2. Renal vein |
3. Liver | 4. Urinary bladder |
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The region of human kidney where you expect to find maximum osmolarity is:
1. at the top of the renal cortex
2. at the bottom of the renal cortex
3. at the top of the renal medulla
4. at the bottom of the renal medulla
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RAAS is opposed by:
1. ADH | 2. renin |
3. atrial natriuretic peptide | 4. angiotensin II |