Q. No.Identify the correct statements:
I:
Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width and 2-3 cm in thickness.
II:
The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct.
III:
Each nephron has two parts – the glomerulus and the renal tubule.
IV:
The renal tubule begins with the proximal convoluted tubule.
1.
Only I and II
2.
Only I, II and III
3.
Only II and III
4.
I, II, III and IV
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| 1. | The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. |
| 2. | The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. |
| 3. | DCT is capable of reabsorption of bicarbonate ions and selective secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions and ammonia to maintain the pH and electrolyte balance in the body. |
| 4. | PCT does not play any role in reabsorption of bicarbonate ions and selective secretion of hydrogen and ammonia to maintain the pH and electrolyte balance in the body. |
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Collecting duct does not:
| I: | allow reabsorption of large amount of water during concentration of urine. |
| II: | allow passage of small amounts of urea into medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity. |
| III: | play a role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of H+ and K+ ions. |
| 1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only III |
| 3. | Only II | 4. | I, II and III are incorrect |
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| 1. | 1200, 300 | 2. | 300, 1200 |
| 3. | 300, 600 | 4. | 600, 300 |
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During hemodialysis:
| I: | Cellophane tube in a dialysing unit acts as artificial kidney. |
| II: | Heparin is added to the blood before it is passed on to the dialysing unit. |
| III: | The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding anti-heparin to it. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only I and II are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
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| I: | A: the blood is taken out of the body from an artery for purification; B: the purified blood is returned to the body by a vein. |
| II: | Heparin is an anticoagulant that is added to the blood to prevent its coagulation; Dialyzer acts as the artificial kidney |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | Renin released from kidney | Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete aldosterone | Reabsorption of sodium and water | Vaso- dilation |
| 2. | Renin released from kidney | Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone | Reabsorption of sodium and water | Vaso- constriction |
| 3. | ADH released from kidney | Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone | Diuresis | Vaso- constriction |
| 4. | Angio- tensin I released from kidney |
Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone | Reabsorption of sodium and water | Vaso- dilation |
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| I: | The region designated as ‘X’ in the diagram is the sacral region of the spinal cord. |
| II: | Motor signals from the spinal cord lead to relaxation of the muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder and constriction of the urinary sphincter. |
| 1. Only I | 2. Only II |
| 3. Both I and II | 4. Neither I nor II |
| I: | A is NaCl which is transported by the ascending limb of Henle’s loop, exchanged with the ascending limb of vasa recta and returned to the interstitium by the descending portion of vasa recta. |
| II: | B is urea which enters the thin segment of the ascending limb of Henle’s loop and is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule. |
| III: | C is water. |
| 1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only II and III |
| 3. | Only I and III | 4. | I, II and III |
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| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pelvis | Urethra |
| 2. | Major calyx | Minor calyx | Renal pelvis | Ureter |
| 3. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pelvis | Ureter |
| 4. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pectoral | Urethra |
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