Q. No.A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
1.
Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle
2.
Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle
3.
Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle
4.
Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle
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A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. Afferent arteriole | 2. Efferent arteriole |
| 3. Vasa recta | 4. Arcuate artery |
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Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
| 1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
| 3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |
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Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:
| 1. | It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
| 2. | It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients |
| 3. | In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla |
| 4. | It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids |
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
1. GFR – 125 ml/min
2. Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day
3. Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day
4. Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min
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The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by:
1. simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
2. simple ciliated columnar epithelium
3. compound cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
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The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
| 1. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 2. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 3. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
| 4. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
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