Q. No.Which of the following does not favor the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
1. Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3. Renin
4. Atrial-natriuretic factor
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Glycosuria | (i) | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
| (b) | Gout | (ii) | Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney |
| (c) | Renal calculi | (iii) | Inflammation in glomeruli |
| (d) | Glomerulonephritis | (iv) | Presence of glucose in urine |
Codes:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 3. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 4. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
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Aderenal cortex releases aldosterone when activated by:
1. ADH
2. Low potassium concentration in ECF
3. Angiotensin II
4. Renin
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What will happen to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) if efferent arteriole smooth muscle is contracted?
1. GFR will increase
2. GFR will decrease
3. GFR will remain constant
4. GFR will increase initially and then decrease
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All the following are the physiological effects of angiotensin II except:
1. Vasoconstriction in renal artery and afferent arteriole
2. Vasodilation in efferent arteriole
3. Increased sodium absorption in PCT
4. Stimulation of adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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The glomerular filtration rate is most affected by:
1. blood osmotic pressure
2. capsular osmotic pressure
3. capsular hydrostatic pressure
4. net filtration pressure
The functions of human kidneys do not include:
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate the osmoreceptors leading to the secretion of:
1. Angiotensinogen from the liver
2. ADH from the hypothalamus
3. Renin from the juxtaglomerular cells
4. Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
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Match the parts of the nephron in Column I with function/feature in Column II and select the answer from the codes given:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | PCT | a. | Maximum reabsorption of water and electrolytes |
| B. | Loop of Henle - descending limb | b. | Permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes |
| C. | Loop of Henle - ascending limb | c. | Impermeable to water but permeable to electrolytes |
| D. | DCT | d. | Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water |
Codes
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | a | b | c | d |
| 2. | b | a | d | c |
| 3. | a | b | d | c |
| 4. | b | a | d | c |
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