What causes the flow of lymph in the lymphatic vessels from the interstitium to the veins?
1. residual blood pressure forcing the plasma through the blood vessels
2. suction from the contracting lymph nodes
3. skeletal muscle contraction and the action of one-way valves
4. active transport of lymph by cilia lining the lymphatic system
When a blood vessel gets injured, the first event to occur in hemostasis is:
1. The endothelial lining is damaged, exposing collagen proteins to the blood.
2. The injured blood vessel is dilated by newly released chemicals to let in defense cells.
3. Platelets become "sticky" and a platelet plug is formed near the injury site.
4. A web of fibrin protein strands tightly interweave the platelet plug.
A person has atrial septal defect [hole in the interatrial septum]. This would result in the abnormal flow of blood from:
1. the right side of the heart to the left
2. the left side of the heart to the right
3. the pulmonary artery to the aorta
4. the ductus arteriosus to the aorta
The plateau in the cardiac action potential is primarily due to:
1. slow outward diffusion of
2. fast inward diffusion of
3. fast outward diffusion of
4. slow inward diffusion of
The fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample called the "buffy coat" contains
1. red blood cells
2. white blood cells
3. platelets
4. white blood cells and platelets
The cause of “aplastic anemia" would be:
1. lack of iron content or iron absorption from the diet
2. destruction of the bone marrow, perhaps by chemicals in the environment or chemotherapy
3. high altitude
4. inadequate vitamin B12 absorption from the diet because the intrinsic factor is absent
Veins are said to have a higher ____ than arteries because they expand more easily and a higher ___________ because they contain more blood.
1. compliance; capacitance
2. elasticity; compliance
3. elasticity; capacitance
4. None of the above
Severe dyspnea due to pulmonary edema will be caused most likely by:
1. cardiogenic shock
2. anaphylactic shock
3. right-sided congestive heart failure
4. left-sided congestive heart failure
Atria can completely empty during ventricular filling due to:
1. A-V node
2. A-V bundle
3. S-A node
4. Purkinje fibers
The arrhythmia that results in cardiac arrest followed by death in the absence of treatment and therefore considered most serious is:
1. Tachycardia
2. Sinus bradycardia
3. Atrial flutter
4. Ventricular fibrillation