Q. No.What is true about RBCs in humans?
1. They carry about 20-25 percent of
2. They transport 99.5 percent of
3. They transport about 80 percent oxygen only and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in a dissolved state in blood plasma
4. They do not carry at all
1. They carry about 20-25 percent of
2. They transport 99.5 percent of
3. They transport about 80 percent oxygen only and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in a dissolved state in blood plasma
4. They do not carry at all
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People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude:
1. people get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available
2. atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O2 to survive
3. there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production
4. people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
1. The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals
2. The presence of non-respiratory air sacs increases the efficiency of respiration in birds
3. In insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues
4. The principle of counter current flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes
Oxygen binding to haemoglobin in blood is
1. directly proportional to the concentration of in the medium
2. inversely proportional to the concentration of in the medium
3. directly proportional to the concentration of CO in the medium
4. independent of the concentration of CO in the medium
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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
| Assertion (A): | Particles that are less than 2.5 μm in diameter are the most dangerous for the pathogenesis of occupational lung disease. |
| Reason (R): | The particles of this size move into and out of alveoli, often without substantial deposition and injury. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
What prevents the entry of food into the larynx during deglutition?
1. A thin elastic cartilaginous flap
2. A thick fibrous cartilaginous flap
3. A thick elastic cartilaginous flap
4. A thin calcified cartilaginous flap
The maximum amount of air that a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration, under normal physiological conditions, would be about:
| 1. | 1600 ml | 2. | 2300 ml |
| 3. | 4500 ml | 4. | 5600 ml |
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Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because
1. there is a negative pressure in the lungs
2. there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls
3. there is a positive intrapleural pressure
4. pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure
Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of
1. Residual Volume (RV)
2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
3. Tidal Volume (TV)
4. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The diffusion of gases in lungs occur across the respiratory membrane. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the respiratory membrane?
1. it is the only barrier between the blood and the inhaled gases within each alveolus
2. basement membranes of alveolar type I cells and their adjacent capillaries are fused
3. oxygen cannot diffuse through the membrane and so must be actively transported
4. carbon dioxide diffuses across the membrane from the blood into the alveolar lumen
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