Which of the following has the highest affinity for oxygen?
1. HbS
2. HbA
3. HbF
4. Methemoglobin

Which occupational lung disorder can lead to cancer of lung?
1. Silicosis
2. Byssinosis
3. Bagassosis
4. Asbestosis

A person suffers punctures in his chest cavity in an accident, without any damage to the lungs. It’s effect could be: 
1. A decreased respiratory rate
2. Absence of breathing on the affected side
3. Hyper inflation of the lung on affected side
4. An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood

The diagram below shows:

1. The Bohr effect
2. The chloride shift
3. The Haldane effect
4. Hering-Breuer reflex

Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause the person to become faint because of:
1. increased ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ levels caused by increase in cellular respiration, reducing brain perfusion and causing ischemia
2. decreased ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ levels in the blood, causing cells to lack enough ATP
3. effects of increased ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels
4. lowered ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels

Assertion: The medulla oblongata uses CSF pH as an indicator of blood carbon dioxide concentration.
Reason: Carbon dioxide is the main determinant of the pH of the CSF:

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Chloride concentration is higher in systemic venous blood than in systemic arterial blood.
Reason: The rise in intracellular bicarbonate in RBCs leads to bicarbonate intake and chloride export.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide.
Reason: Oxygenated hemoglobin is a better proton donor than deoxygenated hemoglobin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Nitric oxide transport by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues is hypothesized to assist oxygen transport in tissues.
Reason: Nitric oxide can also be transported by hemoglobin bound to specific thiol groups in the globin protein.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Infant respiratory distress syndrome[hyaline membrane disease] is the leading cause of death of preterm infants.
Reason: The lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome are developmentally deficient in a material called surfactant.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.