Q. No.Consider the given two statements:
I:
Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates and flatworms exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide by simple diffusion over their entire body surface.
II:
Fishes are the only vertebrates that do not use lungs as respiratory organs.
1.
Only I is correct
2.
Only II is correct
3.
Both I and II are correct
4.
Both I and II are incorrect
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1. the larynx and is entirely made up of cartilage
2. the larynx and is entirely made up of bone
3. the muscular pharynx
4. the glottis where mucosal folds are present
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Which of the following is not correctly matched?
| I. | Thoracic chamber is formed dorsally by | Sternum |
| II. | Thoracic chamber is formed ventrally by | Vertebral column |
| III. | Thoracic chamber is formed laterally by | Ribs |
| IV. | Thoracic chamber is formed on the lower side by | Diaphragm |
| 1. I and II only | 2. II only |
| 3. III and IV only | 4. I, II, III and IV |
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Exhalation will be brought about by the contraction of:
| 1. Diaphragm | 2. External intercostals |
| 3. Internal intercostals | 4. Deltoid |
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| I: | Relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles causes the expulsion of air from the lungs. |
| II: | Relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. |
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. I is incorrect but II is correct
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| I: | P is an incomplete cartilaginous ring seen only in trachea and principal bronchus. |
| II: | Q is the point where the trachea divides into a right and left primary bronchus and corresponds to the level of 5th thoracic vertebra. |
| III: | R shows the double-layered pleura where the outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining. |
| IV: | S is pleural cavity with minimal amount of pleural fluid which reduces friction on the lung surface. |
| 1. Only I, II and III | 2. Only I, III and IV |
| 3. Only II, III and IV | 4. I, II, III and IV |
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The figure shows the events happening during the inhalation and exhalation phases of pulmonary ventilation. Read the two given statements carefully.
| I: | A shows the inhalation phase brought about by the contraction of diaphragm that increases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of external intercostal muscle that increases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis. |
| II: | B shows the exhalation phase brought about by the relaxation of diaphragm that decreases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of internal intercostal muscle that decreases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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The figure shows pulmonary volumes as measured on a spirometer. Which of the following will be true?
| I. A+B = Inspiratory Reserve Volume II. C+D = Functional Residual Capacity III. B+C = Tidal Volume IV. [(A+B+C+D) – (A+B+C)] = Residual Volume |
 |
1. Only II is correct
2. Only II and IV are correct
3. Only I and III are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
| I: | The partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide at Point A in Figure I correspond to that of Point P in Figure II. |
| II: | The partial pressure of Carbon dioxide at Point B in Figure I corresponds to that of Point Q in Figure II. |
| 1. Only I is true | 2. Only II is true |
| 3. I and II are true | 4. I and II are false |
Study the given figure showing the neural regulation of respiration in humans and select the correct statements from the given statements.
| Statement I: | The location of the pneumotaxic centre is the Pons of the brain stem and it moderates the function of respiratory rhythm centre. |
| Statement II: | The respiratory rhythm centre is the dorsal respiratory group shown in the figure and is also located in the Pons of the brain stem. |
1. Only Statement I is true
2. Only Statement II is true
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
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