| I: | stabilisation in which more individuals acquire mean character value | 
| II: | directional change in which more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value | 
| III: | disruption in which more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve | 
| 1. | Edge effect | 2. | Genetic bottleneck | 
| 3. | Founder effect | 4. | Saltation | 
| 1. | discontinuous variations due to mutations are important for evolution | 
| 2. | continuous variations due to recombination are important for evolution | 
| 3. | evolution is a function of time | 
| 4. | evolution is a deterministic process | 
| 1. | Carl Correns | 2. | Charles Lyell | 
| 3. | Thomas Malthus | 4. | A. R. Wallace | 
| I: | Theoretically, population size will grow exponentially if everybody reproduced maximally | 
| II: | Population sizes in reality are limited | 
| 1. | Only A | 2. | Only B | 
| 3. | Both A and B | 4. | Neither A nor B | 
| 1. | Charles Darwin | 2. | Lamarck | 
| 3. | Hugo de Vries | 4. | Louis Pasteur | 
| Assertion (A): | Natural selection can be regarded as ‘differential reproduction’. | 
| Reason (R): | Nature selects for fitness. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| 1. | disruptive selection | 
| 2. | adaptive radiation | 
| 3. | extinction | 
| 4. | rapid speciation due to sudden large scale mutations | 
| 1. | is a determinist process. | 
| 2. | only leads to evolution of species that are useful to humans. | 
| 3. | usually is faster than the natural process. | 
| 4. | is not at all related to mutations |