Q. No.The functions of human kidneys do not include:
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
The micturition reflex is coordinated at the level of:
1. Sacral spinal cord
2. Pontine micturition center
3. Hypothalamus
4. Cerebrum
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
| 1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
| 3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
| 1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
| 3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
Where do you expect to find podocytes?
1. In the wall of afferent arteriole
2. In the wall of the DCT
3. In the lining of Bowman’s capsule
4. In the lining of Vasa recta
Epithelium present in the mucosal lining of the urinary bladder is:
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
2. squamous
3. transitional epithelium
4. simple columnar epithelium
The main physiological stimulus for vasopressin release is
| 1. | Blood volume | 2. | Plasma osmolality |
| 3. | Blood pressure | 4. | Stroke volume |
The average weight of the human kidney varies between:
| 1. | 80 – 120 gm | 2. | 120 – 170 gm |
| 3. | 180 – 200 gm | 4. | 225 – 245 gm |
A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
| 1. | Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 2. | Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle |
| 3. | Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 4. | Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle |
Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
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