Q. No.The main physiological stimulus for vasopressin release is
1.
Blood volume
2.
Plasma osmolality
3.
Blood pressure
4.
Stroke volume
The average weight of the human kidney varies between:
| 1. | 80 – 120 gm | 2. | 120 – 170 gm |
| 3. | 180 – 200 gm | 4. | 225 – 245 gm |
A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
| 1. | Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 2. | Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle |
| 3. | Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 4. | Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle |
Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. | Afferent arteriole | 2. | Efferent arteriole |
| 3. | Vasa recta | 4. | Arcuate artery |
Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
| 1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
| 3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |
Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:
| 1. | It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
| 2. | It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients |
| 3. | In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla |
| 4. | It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
The minimum amount of urine output per day required to eliminate the nitrogenous wastes produced during normal metabolism in a day will be:
1. 400 ml
2. 700 ml
3. 1000 ml
4. 1500 ml
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