Q. No.Epithelium present in the mucosal lining of the urinary bladder is:
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
2. squamous
3. transitional epithelium
4. simple columnar epithelium
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
2. squamous
3. transitional epithelium
4. simple columnar epithelium
The main physiological stimulus for vasopressin release is
| 1. | Blood volume | 2. | Plasma osmolality |
| 3. | Blood pressure | 4. | Stroke volume |
The average weight of the human kidney varies between:
| 1. | 80 – 120 gm | 2. | 120 – 170 gm |
| 3. | 180 – 200 gm | 4. | 225 – 245 gm |
A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
| 1. | Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 2. | Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle |
| 3. | Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| 4. | Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle |
Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. | Afferent arteriole | 2. | Efferent arteriole |
| 3. | Vasa recta | 4. | Arcuate artery |
Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
| 1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
| 3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |
Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:
| 1. | It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
| 2. | It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients |
| 3. | In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla |
| 4. | It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
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