Q. No.The urine examination of a healthy person should not show the presence of:
1.
nitrogenous waste
2.
chloride
3.
protein
4.
sodium
A person has a cardiac output of 6000 ml per minute and 20% of this is received by kidneys. What is the renal plasma flow per minute?
| 1. 1200 ml | 2. 660 ml |
| 3. 400 ml | 5. 120 ml |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding anatomy of human kidney:
| 1. | Adrenal gland is located at the inferior pole of each kidney |
| 2. | Columns of Bertini are extensions of cortex into medulla |
| 3. | Right kidney is slightly lower in location than the left kidney |
| 4. | The renal pelvis continues into the ureter |
The glomerular filtration rate is most affected by:
1. blood osmotic pressure
2. capsular osmotic pressure
3. capsular hydrostatic pressure
4. net filtration pressure
JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:
| 1. | DCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
| 2. | DCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
| 3. | PCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
| 4. | PCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
The functions of human kidneys do not include:
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
The micturition reflex is coordinated at the level of:
1. Sacral spinal cord
2. Pontine micturition center
3. Hypothalamus
4. Cerebrum
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
| 1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
| 3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
| 1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
| 3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
Where do you expect to find podocytes?
1. In the wall of afferent arteriole
2. In the wall of the DCT
3. In the lining of Bowman’s capsule
4. In the lining of Vasa recta
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