Q. No.Urination will be caused by simultaneous:
1.
contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter
2.
relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and contraction of urethral sphincter
3.
contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter
4.
relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter
Aldosterone can be secreted by adrenal cortex when it is stimulated most directly by:
| 1. | ADH | 2. | Renin |
| 3. | Angiotensin | 4. | ANF |
During concentration of urine, NaCl is returned to medullary interstitium by:
1. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of Loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of Vasa Recta
4. Descending limb of Vasa Recta
During the counter current mechanism, small amount of urea from interstitium enters:
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
What is the number of times that the human kidneys can maximally concentrate the initial filtrate?
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
| 3. | 6 | 4. | 8 |
What acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism?
| 1. | ANF | 2. | ADH |
| 3. | Aldosterone | 4. | Erythropoietin |
Consider the two statements:
| I: | The process of filtration at Malpighian body is regarded as ultrafiltration. |
| II: | Blood is filtered so finely that all constituents of plasma pass into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. |
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I |
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I |
| 3. | I is correct but II is incorrect |
| 4. | I is incorrect but II is correct |
1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus
2. Macula densa
3. Columns of Bertini
4. Ducts of Bellini
Presence of ketonuria and glycosuria is indicative of:
| 1. Renal failure | 2. Diabetes mellitus |
| 3. Nephrotic syndrome | 4. Renal stones |
JG cells can be activated to release renin by all the following except:
1. A fall in glomerular blood flow
2. A fall in glomerular blood pressure
3. An increase in venous return to the heart
4. A fall in GFR
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