Q. No.During the counter current mechanism, small amount of urea from interstitium enters:
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
What is the number of times that the human kidneys can maximally concentrate the initial filtrate?
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
| 3. | 6 | 4. | 8 |
What acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism?
| 1. | ANF | 2. | ADH |
| 3. | Aldosterone | 4. | Erythropoietin |
Consider the two statements:
| I: | The process of filtration at Malpighian body is regarded as ultrafiltration. |
| II: | Blood is filtered so finely that all constituents of plasma pass into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. |
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I |
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I |
| 3. | I is correct but II is incorrect |
| 4. | I is incorrect but II is correct |
1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus
2. Macula densa
3. Columns of Bertini
4. Ducts of Bellini
Presence of ketonuria and glycosuria is indicative of:
| 1. Renal failure | 2. Diabetes mellitus |
| 3. Nephrotic syndrome | 4. Renal stones |
JG cells can be activated to release renin by all the following except:
1. A fall in glomerular blood flow
2. A fall in glomerular blood pressure
3. An increase in venous return to the heart
4. A fall in GFR
The dialyzing fluid has same composition as that of plasma except:
| 1. | Nitrogenous wastes | 2. | Bicarbonate |
| 3. | Sodium | 4. | Chloride |
All the following animals are uricotelic except:
| 1. Reptiles | 2. Land snails |
| 3. Birds | 4. Marine fishes |
Conditional absorption of water takes place mainly in:
| 1. PCT | 2. Loop of Henle |
| 3. DCT | 4. Collecting duct |
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