Q. No.Human urine is usually acidic because
1.
hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate.
2.
the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.
3.
excreted plasma proteins are acidic.
4.
Potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity.
In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry the largest amount of urea?
1. Renal vein
2. Dorsal aorta
3. Hepatic vein
4. Hepatic portal vein
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Glycosuria | (i) | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
| (b) | Gout | (ii) | Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney |
| (c) | Renal calculi | (iii) | Inflammation in glomeruli |
| (d) | Glomerulonephritis | (iv) | Presence of glucose in urine |
Codes:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 3. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 4. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option below:
|
Column I (Function) |
Column II (Part of Excretory system) |
||
|
(a) |
Ultrafiltration |
(i) |
Henle’s loop |
|
(b) |
Concentration of urine |
(ii) |
Ureter |
|
(c) |
Transport of urine |
(iii) |
Urinary bladder |
|
(d) |
Storage of urine |
(iv) |
Malpighian corpuscle |
|
(v) |
Proximal convoluted tubule |
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. (v) (iv) (i) (ii)
2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (iv) (v) (ii) (iii)
4. (v) (iv) (i) (iii)
As the filtrate passes upward in the ascending limb of loop of Henle:
| 1. | it gets diluted due to the reabsorption of water from medullary interstitium |
| 2. | it gets diluted due to the passage of electrolytes to medullary interstitium |
| 3. | it gets concentrated due to the reabsorption of electrolytes from medullary interstitium |
| 4. | it gets concentrated due to the passage of water to medullary interstitium |
In majority of the nephrons, the loop of Henle:
1. is absent
2. extends only a little into the medulla
3. extends deep into the medulla
4. is associated with a highly developed vasa recta
Aderenal cortex releases aldosterone when activated by:
1. ADH
2. Low potassium concentration in ECF
3. Angiotensin II
4. Renin
Juxtamedullary nephrons:
1. are more common than cortical nephrons
2. do not have a well developed vasa recta associated with them
3. play a very important role in concentration of urine
4. produce angiotensinogen
The location of kidneys in humans can be best described as:
| 1. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 2. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 3. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 4. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
Urination will be caused by simultaneous:
| 1. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter |
| 2. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and contraction of urethral sphincter |
| 3. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
| 4. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
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