| A: | Messenger |
| B: | Structural role |
| C: | Adaptor molecule |
| D: | Catalytic role |
| E: | Genetic material in some viruses |
| 1. | The genetic code is universal; codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms. |
| 2. | The genetic code varies significantly among different organisms. |
| 3. | Each amino acid is specified by only one codon. |
| 4. | The genetic code is ambiguous, with one codon coding for multiple amino acids. |
| 1. | It must be able to replicate. |
| 2. | It must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to environmental conditions. |
| 3. | It must be able to express itself in the form of phenotypic traits. |
| 4. | It must be able to undergo mutation. |
| 1. | It contains over 3 billion base pairs and about 20,000-25,000 genes. |
| 2. | The majority of the human genome consists of coding sequences. |
| 3. | Each chromosome contains a single gene that determines human traits. |
| 4. | All human beings have unique sequences of DNA with no similarities. |
| 1. | Gene repression by a repressor protein in the presence of lactose. |
| 2. | Gene activation by a repressor protein in the absence of lactose. |
| 3. | Gene activation by an inducer in the absence of glucose. |
| 4. | Gene repression by an inducer in the presence of lactose. |
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | GAG | i. | Valine |
| B. | GUG | ii. | Glutamic acid |
| C. | UGG | iii. | Tryptophan |
| D. | AAA | iv. | Lysine |
| 1. | It would prevent the operon from being turned off. |
| 2. | It would result in the inability to metabolize lactose. |
| 3. | It would enhance the binding of the repressor to the operator. |
| 4. | It would prevent the repressor from binding to the operator. |
| Assertion (A): | Both strands of DNA are not transcribed. |
| Reason (R): | Transcribing both strands would create complementary RNA molecules that would bind to each other and interfere with normal cell processes. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |