| 1. | Mesophyll; Bundle sheath |
| 2. | Bundle sheath; Mesophyll |
| 3. | Mesophyll; Mesophyll |
| 4. | Bundle sheath; Bundle sheath |
| Assertion (A): | Chemiosmosis is crucial for ATP synthesis in mitochondria. |
| Reason (R): | Chemiosmosis is a part of oxidative phosphorylation |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 1. | The action spectrum shows wavelengths used for oxygen evolution, while the absorption spectrum shows wavelengths that chlorophyll absorbs. |
| 2. | The action spectrum measures the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths, while the absorption spectrum measures the rate of respiration. |
| 3. | Both spectrums measure the same wavelengths of light used in photosynthesis. |
| 4. | The absorption spectrum indicates the overall health of the plant, whereas the action spectrum does not. |
| 1. | Light absorption, electron excitation, electron transport, ATP synthesis. |
| 2. | Carbon fixation, electron excitation, ATP synthesis, NADPH formation. |
| 3. | Electron excitation, light absorption, ATP synthesis, oxygen evolution. |
| 4. | ATP synthesis, light absorption, carbon fixation, electron transport. |
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1. | Priestley | A. | Proposed that water is split in the process of photosynthesis. |
| 2. | Engelmann | B. | Demonstrated that oxygen is produced from plants exposed to light. |
| 3. | Van Niel | C. | Used a prism to show that different wavelengths of light affect oxygen production differently. |
| 4. | Ingenhousz | D. | Discovered that plants release oxygen. |
| 1. | 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A |
| 2. | 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C |
| 3. | 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B |
| 4. | 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D |
| Assertion (A): | Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis. |
| Reason (R): | Chlorophyll a initiates the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | In C4 plants, photorespiration does not occur. |
| Reason (R): | They have a mechanism that increases the concentration of carbon dioxide at the site of RuBisCO. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| I: | C3 plants use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide directly into a three-carbon compound, 3-phosphoglycerate. |
| II: | C4 plants conduct their light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle in the same cell type. |
| III: | Photosystem I primarily functions to generate ATP, while Photosystem II primarily functions to generate NADPH. |
| IV: | C4 plants separate carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle into two different types of cells to reduce photorespiration. |
| V: | Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and involve the absorption of light to produce ATP and NADPH. |
| VI: | In C3 plants, photorespiration is promoted by high concentrations of oxygen, especially under high light intensity and temperature conditions. |
| 1. | PEPcase is more efficient at carbon fixation at low CO₂ concentrations than RuBisCO. |
| 2. | PEPcase fixes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, unlike RuBisCO. |
| 3. | PEPcase catalyzes the dark reactions, while RuBisCO catalyzes the light reactions. |
| 4. | RuBisCO requires a higher pH to function optimally compared to PEPcase. |