| 1. | Transduction | 2. | Conjugation | 
| 3. | Transformation | 4. | Translation | 
| 1. | Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme | 
| 2. | Cutting of DNA at specific position only | 
| 3. | Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage by the host bacteria | 
| 4. | All of the above | 
| 1. | allows selection of transformants | 
| 2. | promotes uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins | 
| 3. | creates pores in the bacterial plasma membrane and allows plasmid DNA to enter the bacterial DNA.  | 
		
| 4. | coagulates DNA in the bacterial cell. | 
| 1. | endonuclease | 2. | exonuclease | 
| 3. | ligase | 4. | polymerase | 
Consider the given two statements
| Assertion (A): | In agar gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move farther than the larger DNA fragments. | 
| Reason (R): | In agar gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments separate according to their size due to the sieving effect of the agarose gel. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False. | 
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is False. | 
| I: | are inherited from one generation to the next. | 
| II: | may carry genes that give their host a selective advantage. | 
| III: | can render bacteria drug-resistant. | 
| Assertion (A): | Restriction enzymes produced by bacterial cells do not harm their own DNA | 
| Reason (R): | Bacterial DNA are single-stranded molecules. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) | 
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False | 
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is True | 
| I: | Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). | 
| II: | Transformation is one of three processes that lead to horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another. | 
| I: | is a sequence from where replication starts | 
| II: | is a sequence responsible for controlling the copy number of linked DNA | 
| Assertion (A): | It is desirable to use restriction enzymes that make asymmetrical cuts in construction of rDNA molecules. | 
| Reason (R): | Formation of asymmetrical cuts facilitates the function of DNA ligase. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| 4. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |