| Assertion (A): | In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly used restriction enzymes. | 
| Reason (R): | Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | (A) is True; (R) is False | 
| 3. | (A) is False; (R) is False | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 1. | Gene gun | 2. | Gene probe | 
| 3. | Snip | 4. | Selectable marker | 
| 1. | 1000 copies | 2. | One lakh copies | 
| 3. | One million copies | 4. | One billion copies | 
| 1. | Pvu I | 2. | BamH I | 
| 3. | Pst I | 4. | Pvu II | 
| Assertion (A): | The genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc., are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli. | 
| Reason (R): | The normal E. coli cells do not carry resistance against any of these antibiotics. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | (A) is True; (R) is False | 
| 3. | (A) is False; (R) is False | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| I: | Herbert Boyer performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of the E.coli bacterium with especially useful properties. | 
| II: | Stanley Cohen developed a method of removing plasmids from the bacterial cell and then reinserting them in other bacterial cells. |