| Assertion (A): | In Grasshoppers, the males have an odd number and females have an even number of chromosomes. | 
| Reason (R): | Males develop parthenogenetically in Grasshoppers. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| Assertion (A): | If a couple have a female child from the first pregnancy, they will have a male child from the next pregnancy. | 
| Reason (R): | In each pregnancy, there is always 50 per cent probability of either a male or a female child. | 
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| Assertion (A): | Pedigree analysis is used for the analysis of inheritance of genetic traits in human families. | 
| Reason (R): | Choice matings are not possible in humans and the number of progeny are also limited, usually. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| Assertion (A): | The son of a woman who carries the gene for colour blindness has a 50 percent chance of being colour blind. | 
| Reason (R): | Colour blindness is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition in humans. | 
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True | 
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) | 
| Assertion (A): | Regarding Down's syndrome, parents of the affected individual are usually genetically normal. | 
| Reason (R): | The probability increases from low in 20-year-old mothers to higher in those of age 45. | 
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True | 
| I: | artificial hybridisation experiments were carried out. | 
| II: | statistical analysis and mathematical logic were applied to problems in biology. | 
| 1. | Only I | 2. | Only II | 
| 3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II | 
| Statement I: | Genes are the units of inheritance and contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. | 
| Statement II: | Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene | 
| 1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect | 
| 2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct | 
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct | 
| 4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect | 
| I: | Homozygous dominant progeny | 
| II: | Homozygous recessive progeny | 
| III: | Heterozygous progeny | 
| Assertion (A): | Mendel self-pollinated the F2 plants and found that dwarf F2 plants continued to generate dwarf plants in F3 and F4 generations. | 
| Reason (R): | The genotype of the dwarfs was homozygous. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains Assertion. | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| 4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| I: | \(Rr \times Rr\) | II: | \(Rr \times rr\) | 
| III: | \(RR \times rr\) | IV: | \(Rr \times RR\) |