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Q. No.Presence of glucose (Glycosuria) and ketone bodies (Ketonuria) in urine are indicative of:
1. diabetes mellitus.
2. diabetes insipidus.
3. adrenal diabetes.
4. pituitary diabetes.
Subtopic: Micturition Reflex |
93%
Level 1: 80%+
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Identify the incorrect statement:
| 1. | An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate the osmoreceptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis. |
| 2. | An increase in body fluid volume can switch off the osmoreceptors and suppress the ADH release. |
| 3. | ADH can also affect the kidney function by its dilatory effects on blood vessels. |
| 4. | An increase in blood pressure can increase the glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR. |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
79%
Level 2: 60%+
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During concentration of urine by human kidneys small amounts of urea enter the thin segment of the ascending limb of Henle’s loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the:
1. collecting tubule.
2. proximal convoluted tubule.
3. descending limb of loop of Henle.
4. descending limb of vasa recta.
1. collecting tubule.
2. proximal convoluted tubule.
3. descending limb of loop of Henle.
4. descending limb of vasa recta.
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 | Concentration of Urine |
72%
Level 2: 60%+
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A counter-current exists in the human kidneys between:
1. Only III is correct
2. Only I and II are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | the two limbs of Henle’s loop. |
| II: | the two limbs of vasa recta. |
| III: | the Henle’s loop and vasa recta. |
1. Only III is correct
2. Only I and II are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
63%
Level 2: 60%+
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Collecting Duct:
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
| I: | extends from the cortex of the kidney to the inner parts of the medulla. |
| II: | can reabsorb water to produce a concentrated urine. |
| III: | allows passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity. |
| IV: | plays a role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of H+ and K+ ions. |
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
68%
Level 2: 60%+
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GFR in a healthy individual is approximately 125 ml/minute. A 20% reduction of GFR will reduce the amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per day by:
| 1. | 10 % | 2. | 20 % |
| 3. | 30 % | 4. | 40 % |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
74%
Level 2: 60%+
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On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute which constitute roughly:
| 1. | 10% of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. |
| 2. | 20% of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. |
| 3. | 30% of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. |
| 4. | 40% of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
77%
Level 2: 60%+
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Consider the two statements regarding the structure of nephron in human kidneys:
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
| Statement I: | The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT and DCT of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of the kidney. |
| Statement II: | In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle extends very deep into the medulla. |
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section | Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
77%
Level 2: 60%+
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Which branch of the renal artery forms a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus?
| 1. | Afferent arteriole | 2. | Efferent arteriole |
| 3. | Vasa recta | 4. | Peri tubular capillary |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
88%
Level 1: 80%+
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In humans, Kidneys situated between the levels of:
| 1. | last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| 2. | last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to the ventral inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| 3. | tenth thoracic and first lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| 4. | tenth thoracic and first lumbar vertebra close to the ventral inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
93%
Level 1: 80%+
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