| Assertion (A): | Temperature is the most important ecologically relevant environmental factor. | 
| Reason (R): | Temperature affects the kinetics of the enzymes. | 
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains the (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A). | 
| 1. | mutualism | 2. | commensalism | 
| 3. | competition | 4. | amensalism | 
| Assertion (A): | Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions. | 
| Reason (R): | Small animals have a larger surface area relative to their volume. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains the (A). | 
| 2. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not correctly explain the (A). | 
| 1. | a rapidly expanding population | 
| 2. | a stable population | 
| 3. | a population where there were more old individuals than young individuals | 
| 4. | a population with more males than females | 
| 1. | 10 per cent of animals and some plants | 
| 2. | 50 per cent of animals and nearly all plants | 
| 3. | 99 per cent of animals and nearly all plants | 
| 4. | 100 per cent of animals and nearly 1 per cent of plants |