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Q. No.The diagram shows Hypothalamus – Pituitary – Thyroid axis. Based on the diagram, what will be true?
I. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to an increase in the secretion of TRH by Hypothalamus.
II. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to a decrease in the secretion of TSH by Anterior pituitary.
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
II. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to a decrease in the secretion of TSH by Anterior pituitary.
Subtopic: Adenohypophysis & Hypothalamus |
60%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
What would be true for Z1, Z2 and Z3 as shown in the given diagram?
I. Z1 is functionally related to sympathetic neural system.
II. Only the hormones secreted by Z2 are steroids.
III. The hormone secreted by Z3 is an androgen.
IV. The hormone secreted by Z1 mainly affects the carbohydrate, lipid and fat metabolism and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
V. All hormones produced by Z1, Z2 and Z3 act through a second messenger on their target cells.
I. Z1 is functionally related to sympathetic neural system.
II. Only the hormones secreted by Z2 are steroids.
III. The hormone secreted by Z3 is an androgen.
IV. The hormone secreted by Z1 mainly affects the carbohydrate, lipid and fat metabolism and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
V. All hormones produced by Z1, Z2 and Z3 act through a second messenger on their target cells.
| 1. | Only IV | 2. | Only IV and V |
| 3. | Only III | 4. | I, II and III |
Subtopic: Adrenal Medulla | Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol |
54%
Level 3: 35%-60%
Hints
The given figure shows the physical indications of the flight or fight response in the human body. What else will be true regarding such a response?
| I: | It is due to the sudden release of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline in our body. |
| II: | The other effects likely to be seen are bronchodilation, a dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle and heart and inhibition of gastrointestinal functions. |
| 1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
| 3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
Subtopic: Adrenal Medulla |
72%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Study the given figure carefully. The constellation of symptoms shown in the figure is caused by an overall decreased functioning of the adrenal cortex. This disease is called as:
| 1. Addison’s disease | 2. Hashimoto’s disease |
| 3. Gull’s disease | 4. Conn’s syndrome |
Subtopic: Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol | Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone |
81%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
The sign and symptoms enlisted in the given figure are most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
| 1. | Calcium | 2. | Iron |
| 3. | Iodine | 4. | Zinc |
Subtopic: Thyroid Gland Part I | Thyroid Gland Part II |
91%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
What will be true for the effects of parathyroid glands on the tissues shown in the given diagram?
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. |
| II: | In the kidney, PTH stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits the reabsorption of phosphate \((HPO^{2-}_4)\) from the tubular fluid. |
| III: | It activates vitamin D, which in turn enables intestinal epithelium to absorb calcium. |
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Parathyroid |
61%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
The given figure shows the mechanism of action of FSH on its target cells.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
| I: | FSH is hydrophilic and hence cannot enter the cell and therefore acts via a second messenger. |
| II: | The second messenger will cause physiological responses after binding to a receptor present in the nucleus of the cells and then influencing the level of gene expression in the target cell. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Mechanism of Hormone Action |
Level 3: 35%-60%
Hints
Correctly identify the match for A-G labelled in the given figure:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| A | Atrial natriuretic peptide | EPO | Atrial natriuretic peptide | EPO |
| B | Vaso- constriction |
Vaso- dilation |
Vaso- dilation |
Vaso- constriction |
| C | Increase in blood pressure | Decrease in blood pressure | Decrease in blood pressure | Increase in blood pressure |
| D | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin |
| E | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone |
| F | Diuresis | Concentration of urine | Diuresis | Concentration of urine |
Subtopic: Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract |
68%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Identify the correct statements regarding the given figure:
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | A is the hormone secretin secreted by the intestinal mucosa in response to an acid rich chyme entering the duodenum. |
| II: | B is cholecystokinin and like secretin, it is also an enterogastrone. |
| III: | C is Gastrin. |
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract |
69%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
The hormone involved in the response shown in the given figure:
I. is a peptide hormone.
II. is secreted by the kidneys.
III. helps the body absorb vitamin B 12 in the small intestine.
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
I. is a peptide hormone.
II. is secreted by the kidneys.
III. helps the body absorb vitamin B 12 in the small intestine.
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract |
52%
Level 3: 35%-60%
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