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Q. No.The diagram shows Hypothalamus – Pituitary – Thyroid axis. Based on the diagram, what will be true?
I. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to an increase in the secretion of TRH by Hypothalamus.
II. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to a decrease in the secretion of TSH by Anterior pituitary.
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
II. Under normal physiological conditions, a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood will lead to a decrease in the secretion of TSH by Anterior pituitary.
Subtopic: Adenohypophysis & Hypothalamus |
58%
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The disease shown in the figure is the Cushing’s syndrome characterized by a fatty hump between shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin. This disease is caused by:
1. An excess of cortisol
2. Hypoadrenalism
3. Severe deficiency of thyroid hormones in adulthood
4. An excess of growth hormone in adulthood
1. An excess of cortisol
2. Hypoadrenalism
3. Severe deficiency of thyroid hormones in adulthood
4. An excess of growth hormone in adulthood
Subtopic: Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol |
55%
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The given figure shows a person suffering from an endocrine abnormality with characteristic changes in the physical appearance like prominent chin and jaw and large hands. There may also be an enlargement of the forehead and nose. This disorder is caused due to:
1. An excess secretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens
2. An excess secretion of growth hormone in adulthood
3. An excess secretion of growth hormone in childhood
4. An excess secretion of thyroid hormones in adulthood
1. An excess secretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens
2. An excess secretion of growth hormone in adulthood
3. An excess secretion of growth hormone in childhood
4. An excess secretion of thyroid hormones in adulthood
Subtopic: Adenohypophysis & Hypothalamus |
82%
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What would be true for Z1, Z2 and Z3 as shown in the given diagram?
I. Z1 is functionally related to sympathetic neural system.
II. Only the hormones secreted by Z2 are steroids.
III. The hormone secreted by Z3 is an androgen.
IV. The hormone secreted by Z1 mainly affects the carbohydrate, lipid and fat metabolism and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
V. All hormones produced by Z1, Z2 and Z3 act through a second messenger on their target cells.
I. Z1 is functionally related to sympathetic neural system.
II. Only the hormones secreted by Z2 are steroids.
III. The hormone secreted by Z3 is an androgen.
IV. The hormone secreted by Z1 mainly affects the carbohydrate, lipid and fat metabolism and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
V. All hormones produced by Z1, Z2 and Z3 act through a second messenger on their target cells.
| 1. | Only IV | 2. | Only IV and V |
| 3. | Only III | 4. | I, II and III |
Subtopic: Adrenal Medulla | Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol |
51%
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The given figure shows the physical indications of the flight or fight response in the human body. What else will be true regarding such a response?
I. It is due to the sudden release of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline in our body.
II. The other effects likely to be seen are bronchodilation, a dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle and heart and inhibition of gastrointestinal functions.
I. It is due to the sudden release of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline in our body.
II. The other effects likely to be seen are bronchodilation, a dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle and heart and inhibition of gastrointestinal functions.
| 1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
| 3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
Subtopic: Adrenal Medulla |
72%
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Study the given figure carefully. The constellation of symptoms shown in the figure is caused by an overall decreased functioning of the adrenal cortex. This disease is called as:
| 1. Addison’s disease | 2. Hashimoto’s disease |
| 3. Gull’s disease | 4. Conn’s syndrome |
Subtopic: Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol | Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone |
80%
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The sign and symptoms enlisted in the given figure are most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
| 1. | Calcium | 2. | Iron |
| 3. | Iodine | 4. | Zinc |
Subtopic: Thyroid Gland Part I | Thyroid Gland Part II |
89%
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What will be true for the effects of parathyroid glands on the tissues shown in the given diagram?
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. |
| II: | In the kidney, PTH stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits the reabsorption of phosphate \((HPO^{2-}_4)\) from the tubular fluid. |
| III: | It activates vitamin D, which in turn enables intestinal epithelium to absorb calcium. |
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Parathyroid |
58%
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The given figure shows the mechanism of action of FSH on its target cells.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
| I: | FSH is hydrophilic and hence cannot enter the cell and therefore acts via a second messenger. |
| II: | The second messenger will cause physiological responses after binding to a receptor present in the nucleus of the cells and then influencing the level of gene expression in the target cell. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Mechanism of Hormone Action |
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Correctly identify the match for A-G labelled in the given figure:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| A | Atrial natriuretic peptide | EPO | Atrial natriuretic peptide | EPO |
| B | Vaso- constriction |
Vaso- dilation |
Vaso- dilation |
Vaso- constriction |
| C | Increase in blood pressure | Decrease in blood pressure | Decrease in blood pressure | Increase in blood pressure |
| D | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin | Decrease in renin |
| E | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone | Decrease in Angiotensin II and aldosterone |
| F | Diuresis | Concentration of urine | Diuresis | Concentration of urine |
Subtopic: Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract |
65%
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