The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by the:
1. Simple cuboidal epithelium
2. Simple columnar epithelium
3. Simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. Simple columnar brush bordered epithelium

Identify the correct statement regarding the excretion of acids by the human kidney :
1. The filtered bicarbonate is absorbed by anion transport
2. The intercalated cells of the distal tubule secrete hydrogen ions to reabsorb bicarbonate from the tubular fluid.
3. All of the filtered bicarbonate is normally reabsorbed in the first half of the distal tubule.
4. Urine pH is normally greater than that of plasma.

The main disadvantage of urea as an excretory product for animals eliminating it would be:

1. its high toxicity

2. Needs lot of water to be eliminated

3. It being an osmolyte

4. Energy expenditure to produce it

Excretion of dilute urine requires

Describe urine in relationship to glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion urine:

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

(1) more diluted urine

(2) more concentrated urine

(3) no change in quality and quantity of urine

(4) no urine formation

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

2. The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

3. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water

4. The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

1. distal convoluted tubule

2. proximal convoluted tubule

3. Bowman's capsule

4. descending limb of Henle's loop

Human urine is usually acidic because

1. the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular

capillaries

2. excreted plasma proteins are' acidic

3. potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

4. hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate

Which one of the following statements in regard to excretion by the human kidneys is correct?