Which of the following statements regarding gymnosperms are correct?

I. Ovules are naked - not enclosed by any ovary wall before fertilisation but seeds that develop after fertilisation are covered.

II. In all living Gymnosperms, sporophyte is dominant over the gametophyte.

III. They are heterosporous.

IV. The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence.

1. I, II and III

2. I, III and IV

3. II, III and IV

4. I, II, III and IV

All the following differentiate gymnosperms from the higher cryptogams except:

(1) Presence of an independent green gametophyte

(2) development of an ovule

(3) Formation of the pollen tube

(4) Presence of cambium

The features seen in the gymnosperm Cycas include:

I. Coralloid roots

II. Unbranched stems

III. Pinnate persistent leaves for a few years

IV. Male cones and megasporophyllys borne on same plant

1. I and II only

2. I and IV only

3. I, II and III only

4. I, II, III, and IV

The first group of terrestrial plants to get rid of the swimming sperm was the:

(1) Club mosses

(2) Ferns

(3) Gymnosperms

(4) Angiosperms

Select the correct statement.

(1) Salvinia, Ginkgo and Pinus all are gymnosperms

(2) Sequoia is one of the tallest trees

(3) The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extremes of climate

(4) Gymnosperms are both homosporous and heterosporous

Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside vegetative part of

(1) Pinus

(2) Cycas

(3) Equisetum

(4) Psilotum

Gymnosperms are also called soft wood spermatophytes because they lack

(1) cambium

(2) phloem fibres

(3) thick-walled tracheids

(4) xylem fibres

The gametophyte is not an independent, free living generation in

(1) Adiantum

(2) Marchantia

(3) Pinus

(4) Polytrichum

In which one of the following, the male and female gametophytes don't have free-living independent existence?

(1) Pteris

(2) Funaria

(3) Polytrichum

(4) Cedrus

Select one of the following pairs of important features distinguishing Gnetum from Cycas and Pinus and showing affinities with angiosperms

(1) absence of resin duct and leaf venation

(2) presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

(3) perianth and two integuments

(4) embryo development and apical meristem