The gemmae produced by some liverworts function as:

1. A water gathering structure

2. A light capturing structure

3. A sexual structure

4. An asexual structure

In mosses, the sex organs are seen in:

1. Protonema stage

2. Leafy stage

3. Capsule of the sporophyte

4. Seta of the sporophyte

Identify the statement that most accurately describes the plant shown in the given figure:

    
1. This the male prothallus of Marchantia; A is antheridiophore and B is Gemma cup
2. This the female prothallus of Marchantia; A is archegoniophore and B is Gemma cup
3. This the male prothallus of Sphagnum; A is antheridiophore and B is Gemma cup
4. This the female prothallus of spahgnum; A is archegoniphore and B is Gemma cup

Read the following statements (IV) and answer the question which follows them

I. In liverworts, mosses and ferns gametophytes are free living.

II. Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterospores.

III. Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox and Albugo is oogamous.

IV. The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(1) One

(2) Two

(3) Three

(4) Four

Spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by:

(1) elaters

(2) indusium

(3) calyptra

(4) peristome teeth

Elater mechanism for seed dispersal is exhibited by

(1) Riccia

(2) Marchantia

(3) Dryopteris

(4) Funaria

Match the columns.

Elaters are absent in

(1) Funaria

(2) Marchantia

(3) Pellia

(4) Porella

Gemmae are present in:

1. Some Gymnosperms

2. Some Liverworts

3. Mosses

4. Pteridophytes